142 THE POPE DECLARED INFERIOR TO KINGS. emperor there is none beside God, who made the emperor, ' and that " Donatus by extolling himself," as some now do, " above the emperor, in so doing exceeded, as it were, thebounds of men, esteem- ing himself as God, not as a man; "' when St Chrysostom asserts " the emperor to be the crown and head of all men upon earth,"3 and says that " even apostles, evangelists, prophets, any men who- ever,"6 are to be subject to the temporal powers; when St Cyril calls the emperor " the summit ofglory among men, elevated above all others by incomparabledegrees,"3 &c.; when even popes talk at this rate, as Pope Gregory I., calling the emperor his " lord, and lord of all," telling the emperor that his competitor, by assuming the title of universal bishop, " set himself above thehonour of his impe- rial majesty,"6 which he supposes a piece of great absurdity and ar- rogance ; and even Pope Gregory II. calls that emperor (against whom he afterward rebelled) " the head of Christians ; "7 whereas, indeed, if the pope be monarch ofthe church, endowed with the re- galities which they now ascribe to him, it is plain enough that he is not inferior to any man livingin real power and dignity. Wherefore the modern doctors of Rome are far more sincere or considerate in their heraldry than were those old fathers of Christendom, who now stick not downrightly to prefer the pope before all princes of the world, not only in doctrine and notion, but in the sacred offices of the church ;8 for in the very canon of their mass, the pope (together with the bishop of the diocese, one of his ministers) is set before all Christian princes; every Christian subject being thereby taught to deem the pope superior to his prince. Now we must believe (for one pope has written it, another has put it in his decretals, and it is Cum super imperatorem non sit nisi solus Deus qui fecit imperatorem.Opt.. lib. iii. - dam se Donatus super imperatorem extollit, jam quasi hominum excesserat modum, ut se ut Deum, non hominem sestimaret. Id. ibid. 3 BasraSVS 1áp xofvf aal asgaañ rmv iai arñç 1ñs lsrry ievrávrwv. Chrys., 'Avóp ii. p. 463. 4 Kf, icaóasoaaç ;se, zip 4iayys2w,w ç, zá, apap$rns, xáv ósrrsaüv, &aG7arys. in Ram. Xiii. 1. Oi váe ésrry ó pr''4 4,74,o'1' rrva'xwv kl 4h 1725, ßasrasús 1áp, &c.Chrys. supra. "For he that is thus wronged has not his equal upon earth, for he is king," &c. s Tñs pis, iv dvipw'aorç aúxaaiaç al dvúr1-am, zai ásuyxpiaarç árarpopais Täv äaawv ¿ademe, dvv rexàe xai úaspuúasvov, bpesis, á O' pre'" ßasrasiç, xai xañpos úpïv gaipagró,. rs aai a ivono aapá evz rñi ivoúsnç aú,ä xaaá ademe, vaspaxñi.Cyril. ad Theod. in Conn. Eph., part i., cap. 3, p. 20. 6 P. Greg. M., Ep. ii. 62. Quia serenis. domine ex illo jam tempore dominus meus fuisti quando adhuc dominus omnium non eras .... Ego quidem jussioni subjectus, &c. Ibid. Ad hoc enim potestas dominorum meorum pietati ccelitus data est super omnes homines, &c. /bid. Ego indignus famulus vester.Ibid. Qui honori quoque imperii vestri se per privatum vocabulum superponit. P. Greg. L, Ep. iv. 32. 7 '0e ßasrasbç veal zupaap mw "v Xewmavev. P. Greg. IL, in Ep. i. ad Leon. Isaur., apud Bin., tom. v. p. 502. " As king and head of Christians." 3 una cum famulo tuo papa nostro N, et antistite nostro N, et rege nostro N, et omnibus orthodoxie, &c. " Together with thy servant our Pope N, and our Bishop N, and our KingN, and all orthodox," &c.
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