206 GROUND OF THE PRECEDENCE GIVEN TO ROME. And the fathers of Chalcedoa assigned " equal privileges to the most holy see of new Rome; with good reason," say they, "judging that the city which was honoured with the royalty and senate, and which," otherwise, " enjoyed equal privileges with the ancient royal Rome, should likewise in ecclesiastical affairs be magnified like it, being second after it."' Indeed, upon this score, the church of Constantinople is said to have aspired to the supreme principality, when it had the advantage over old Rome, the empire being extinguished there, and some time was styled " The head of all churches."' It is also natural, and can hardlybe otherwise, but that the bishop of a chief city, finding himself to exceed in wealth, in power, in ad- vantages of friendships, dependencies, &c., should affect to raise him- self above the level; it is an ambition that easily will seize on the most moderate and otherwise religious minds. Pope Leo objected it to Anatolius, and Pope Gregory to John, from his austere life called " The Faster." Upon the like account it was that the bishops of other cities mounted to a pre- eminence, "metropolitan, primatical, patriarchal." Thence it was that the bishop of Alexandria, before Constantine's time, acquired the honour of second place to Rome, because that city, being head of a most rich and populous nation, in magnitude and opulency, as Gregory Nazianzen says, " approached next to Rome, so as hardly to yield the next place to it."' Upon that account, also, Antioch got the next place, as being the Tá Ica arptaßtia iariverncav Tá .,j Ç via; Pa ¡cn; áyrar Tw gpávn, Elat, a; xpivavrs; Tñv 13a0.1x0ac zee) trayzXtkey TsFcnhïoav aróXrv, xa1 Ta "v Taws, a'aroxaúavaav -rpsoßtiav 7.7soßu- Tipep Z3ac,Xiar `P4,, ;MI iv Tai; ixxXnerao r,z,Te ¿; ixt(unv Fcsyaaúvtalat arpc) caoc, SELTipav ea' ixs'Vn, ivrcipxooazc. Syn. Chal., can. %%Vll3. 2 Sacrosanctam quoque hujus religiosissimam civitatis ecclesiam, et matremnostrm pietatis, et Christianorumorthodoxee religionis omnium, et ejusdem regiæ urbis sanc- tissimam sedem, &c. Imp. Leo. Cod., lib. i. tit. 2, § 16. " The holy church of this most religious city, the mother of our devotion, and ofall orthodox Christians, and the most holy see of that imperial city." Bonifacius III. a Phoca imperatore obtinuit, magna tarnen contention, ut sedes B. Petriapostoli, qumcaput est omnium ecclesiarum, ita et diceretur, et haberetur ab omnibus; quem quidem locum ecclesia Constantino- politana sibi vendicare conabatur; faventibus interdum principibus, affirmantibusque eo loci primam sedem esse debere, ubi imperii caput esset. Plat. in Boni! III., p. 161. Boniface III., though with a great deal of stir, obtained of the EmperorPhocas that the see of St Peter the apostle, which is the head of all churches, should be socalled and accounted by all; which dignity the church of Constantinople indeed endeavoured to assert to itself, princes some time favouring them, and affirming that there thechief see ought to be, where the head of the empire was." Phocas rogante papa Bonifacio statuit sedem Romanæ ecelesiH caput esse omnium ecclesiarum, quia ecclesia Constan- tinopolitana primam se omnium ecclesiarum scribebat.Anastas. in Bonif. III.; Idem Sabellicus, Blondue, Lcetus, d4 c., tradunt. "Phocas, at the entreaty of Pope Boniface, appointed that theRoman see should be the head of all churches, because the church of Constantinople wrote herself the chief of all churches." ô 'Tpetig ,i tetyáan aró.Zrí, of Fsiv ail, arpríTnv tiAiae, m Fcnai ac)aO arapazapavvTt9Grey. Naz., Orat. xxvii. `H'Axslz'Biiav Fctyalóarelr,.Evagr. ii. 4, et passim.
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