252 PRESIDENCY IN SYNODS, TO WUOM ATTRIBUTED. It is true that, according to the acts of that synod and the reports of divers historians, Pope Celestine, according to a new politic device of the popes, authorized Cyril to represent his person and act as his proctor in those affairs, assigning to him, as he says, " both the authority of his throne" (that is, his right of voting) " and the order of his place" (the first place in sitting); but it is not consequent thence that Cyril upon that sole account presided in the synod.' He thereby had the disposal of one considerable suffrage, or a legal concurrence of the pope with him in his actings; he thereby might pretend to the first place of sitting and subscribing (which kind of advantages it appears that some bishops had in synods, by the vir- tue of the like substitution in the place of others) ; but he thence could have no authoritative presidency; for that the pope himself couldby no delegation impart, having himself no title theretowar- ranted by any law or by any precedent, that depended on the em- peror's will, or on the election of the fathers, or on a tacit regard to personal eminence in comparison to others present. This distinction Evagrius seems to intimate when he says that "the divine Cyril administered it, and the place of Celestine,' where aword seems to have fallen out; and Zonaras more plainly expresses it, saying that "Cyril, pope of Alexandria, presided over the orthodox fathers, and alsoheld the place of Celestine ;"3and Photius, "Cyril supplied the seat and the person of Celestine."' Ifany later historians confound these things, we are not obliged to comply with their ignorance or mistake. Indeed, as to presidency there, we may observe that sometimes it is attributed to Cyril alone, as being the first bishop present, and bearing a great sway; sometimes to PopeCelestine, as being in repre- sentation present, and being the first bishop of the church in order; sometimes to both Cyril and Celestine; sometimes to Cyril and Memnon bishop of Ephesus, who, as being very active, and having great influence on the proceedings, are styled the presidents and rulers of the synod.' All which show that presidency was !Oa lax I nu 4ivídnç Oa r %S rvi evríxç 1.071 iy.48Tipvv Opívou, xai 1.ñ siyAsTipá 1.071 Threw 1ia1, ii. Celest. ad Cyril., Relat. cap. xvi. N. B. Yet the fathers, in their epistle to Pope Celestine only take notice of Arcadius, Projectus, and Philippus supplying his place.Act. p 353. n 2 KvpíXxvv Tou .gsovrveiou Mvva,ro5 xai r , KaserTívnv Tá5rav,Evagr. i. 4. s np,ve,' vvivav TWV ii0vSágwv vre rípwv ro71 iv áyíors Kvpí).T.au vrávra 'AT.e vvlpsiaç, isix aura, S3 xai , ìV TÓSrov Kabsorívav Zen. in Syn. Eph. can. i. 4 Tel `Pepenç Ke?.ePTíveu ivrT.o;pee he xedílpav xai vrpáowvrev. "Hs viysïre á pcaxáproç vraTñp sprmv Kúpù ,xee.Cone. Chalc., Act. iv. p. 302. FvváSav ee dnynrñç.Cler. Const. in Syn. Eph. p. 418. Cui prtefuit Cyrillus.Syn. Chale., Act. i. p. 173. ''H5 vyypvíeeç el áyriTa'or Kelsvrrvoç xai KtipiX..Los. Syn. Chale. Defin., in Act. v, p. 338, iv. p. 300. The bishops of Isauria to the Emperor Leo say that Cyril was partaker withPope Celestine, &c. Dum B. Celestino incolumis ecclesies Romanorum particeps, &c. Part. iii., Syn. Chale., p. 522. Ili; Pvvílnv vrpáelpor. Eph., Act. iv. p. 338 (p. 420, 422). upásSp,r ruffs ixxT.nuiae. Act. v. p. 347. `Hpairepar apáeS er. Relat Syn. p. 406. "Egapzee v% magi Relat. p. 411. ex
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