262 THE CONTROVERSY OF "THE THREE CHAPTERS." "condemn Theodorus, neither will we submit to- have him con- demned by any other.' And in the same constitution he orders and decrees, " That nothing be said or done by any to the injury or dis- credit of Theodoret, bishop of Cyrus, a man most approved in the synod of Chalcedon;3 and the same," says he, " have the decrees of the apostolical see determined, that no man pass a new judgment upon persons dead, but leave them as death found them. "3 Lastly, by that constitution he " specially provides, that, as he had before said, nothing, through means of that perverse opinion which we have condemned, might be derogated from persons dying in the peace and communion of the universal church."' Yet the synod, in smart terms reflecting on the pope, and giving him the lie, not regarding his opinion or authority, decreed that persons deceased were liable to be anathematized. They anathema- tized Theodorus; they expressly condemned each ofthe "chapters ; "5 they threatened deposition or excommunication on whoever should Theodoret bishop of Cyrus, and Ibas of Edessa, as guilty of error, and pronouncing censure on certain writings of these men, as favourable to Nestorianism. This gave occasion to a vigorousdispute between the eastern and western bishops; the latter, with Pope Vigilius at their head, refusing to condemn " the three chapters," maintaining that great injury was done by the imperial edict both to the council of Chalcedon and to deceasedworthies now in heaven. To settle this controversy, Justinian, in the year 553, assembled at Constantinople what is called the fifth general council, referred to in the text. In this council, the three chapters of Chalcedon were formally condemned; and this is acknowledged, by the Romish church as an oecumenical council, although the pope, who was at Constantinople, not only absented himself from it, but protested against all its proceedings. It is true that Vigilius was on this account banished by the emperor, and was afterwards compelled to condemn the three chapters ; which was the fourth time that he had changed his opinion of them, and solemnly declared it, after examining them " with all possible care and attention. " Basnage, Bist. de l'Eglise, tome 1. liv. x.; Mosheim, Eccl. Bist. (Reid's ed.), pp. 232, 233; Bower's Bist. of the Popes, vol. ii. p. 380, &c. En. ' Eum (Theodorum) nostra non audemus damnare sententia, sed nec ab alio quopiam condemnari concedimus. Vig. Const., p. 186. z Statuimus atquedecernimus nihil in injuriam atque obtrectationemprobatissimi in Chalcedonensi synodo viri, hoc est Theodoreti episcopi Cyri, sub taxations nominis ejus a quoquam fieri vel proferri.Ibid. s Idemque regulariter apostolicm sedis definiunt constituta, nulli licere noviter ali- quid de mortuorum judicare personis; sed in hoc relinqui, in quo unumquemque su- premus dies invenit, &c. [Ibid.] 4 Has praesentis constitutionis dispositione quam maximeprovidemus, ne (sicut supra diximus) personis, vas in pace et communione universalis ecclesisa quieverunt, sub has damnati anobis perversi dogmatis occasione aliquid derogetur.Ibid. a Quoniam autem post hoes omnia impietatis illius defensoris injuriis contra Crea- torem suum dictis gloriantes dicebant non oportere eum post mortem anathematizare ... qui hsec dicunt nullam curamDei judicatorum faciunt, nee apostolicarum pro- nunciationum, nec paternarum traditionum.Coll. viii. p. 289. Condemnamus autem et anathematizamus una cum omnibus aliis hsereticis et Theodorum. Coll. viii. p. 291. Quod dicitur a quibusdam quod in communicatione et pace, defunctus est Theodorus, mendacium est, et calumniamagis adversus ecciesiam. Coa v. p. 250. Si quis conatus fuerit contra haec quae pie disposuimus, vel tradere, vel docere, vel scribere, siquidem episcopus vel clericus sit, iste tanquam aliena a sacerdotibus et statu ecclesiastico faciens, denudabitur episcopate 'eel clericatu: si autemmonachus vel laicus sit, anathematiza- biter.Coll. viii. p. 293.
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