NO ARBITRARY POWER GRANTED TO THE POPE. 281 9. The most favourable of ancient synods to papal interest, that of Sardica, conferred on the pope a power, qualified in matter and manner, of causing episcopal causes to be revised; which shows that before he had no right in suchcases, nor then had an absolutepower. 10. The pope's power of judging bishops bath been of old dis- claimed as an illegal and upstart encroachment. When the pope first nibbled at this bait of ambition, St Cyprian andhis bishops reprehended him for it. The bishop of Constantinople denied that Pope Gelasius alone might condemn him, according to the canons. The pope rantsat it and reasons against it, but has no material argument or example for it (concerning the papal authority peculiarly) beside the Sardican canon.' 11. The popes themselves have been judged for misdemeanour, heresy, schism; as hereafter we shall show. 12. The popes executed somejudgments, only by a right common to all bishops, as executors of synodical decrees.' 13. Other bishops pretended to judicature by privilege; as Juve- nalis, bishop of Jerusalem, pretended that to himbelonged the judg- ment of the bishop of Antioch.' 14. The popes were subject to the emperors, who, when they pleased, interposed to direct or qualify all jurisdiction, commanding the popes themselves; wherefore, the popes were not judges sove- reign, but subordinate.' Pope Gregory I. referred the great question about the title of " oecumenical bishop" to the judgment of the Emperor Mauricius.5 These things will more fully appear in the discussion of the par- ticulars concerning thechief branchesofjurisdiction, more especially under the tenth branch ofsovereignty. They allege that passage of Valoptinian in his epistle to Theodo- sius, " That the most blessed bishop of Rome, to whom antiquity bath given a priesthood over all, has a see and power to judge both of faith and priests."' t Euphemium vero miror, si ignorantiam suam ipse non perspicit, qui dicit Acacium ab uno non posse damnari, &c. P. Gelas. I., Ep. iv. Nobis opponunt canones, &c. Id., ibid. 2 Quod non solum prasuli apostolico facere licet, &c. P. Gelas. I., Ep. iv. (Supr. in Arg. 6), Yid. Ep. xiii. 3 'Exp;w 'I4+ávvnv .. . mw áoroo.roarxä mIc `Is cvaaú ¢` p /a euv yraç moú ®soú iwxanviaç iTawav- ear, xa; .rrfcñvar trap' ?, Fuiarçma ïAoç aúráv .rev 'Avmmxiav Spávov i1 ávrarpraarxñç 4waaauAiaç xai vrapeaórmç ih;vsrla', wa; trap aúmry 8rwásoAar.Syn. Eph., Act. iv. p. 400. 4 Justin. Nov. cxxiii. cap. 3. Jubemus Episc. Rom." s - ut piissimus dominus Mauritius ipsum illud negotium judicare dignaretur. Greg., Ep. iv. 22. 6 °Iva ptawapráraroç É?iaxotrof 7;1; 'Pa¡aaia,v aróasmç, w 7.47v ¡Ea,vivnv xal4 TáPTalr fj ápxarómnç ,ra?ioxs, xápav xai sieepíav ïxsiY Tipi is tríçrcmç KM; 20.,Y w?íY6ut, &c.-Act. Syn, Chale., p. 25.
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