288 PRIMITIVE MODE OF ORDINATION. bishop of Constantinople, " with common consent, under the eyes of the most religious Emperor Theodosius and of all the clergy, the whole city adjoining also its suffrage ;"1 and that for Antioch, " the bishops of the province and of the eastern diocese concurring, had canonically ordained Flavianus bishop, the whole church consenting, as with one voice, to honour the man.."' Indeed, thepractice generally confirms this, the people everywhere continuing to elect their bishop. So the people of Alexandria de- manded Athanasius for their bishop.' So Pope Julius complained that Gregory was intruded into the place of Athanasius, " not being required by the presbyters, not by the bishops, not by the people."' So Gregory Nazianzen describes the elections of bishops in his times to be carried by the power of wealthy men and impetuousness of the people.` So Augustine intimates the same in his speech about designation of a successor to himself: "I know," says he, "that after the decease of bishops, the churches are wont to be disturbed by am- bitious and contentious men."' So the tumults at Antioch in choos- ing a bishop after Eustathius; at Rome, after Liberius; at Con- stantinople, after Alexander; at Milan, when St Ambrose was chosen.' So Stephanus, bishop of Ephesus, in justificationof himself, says, " Forty bishops of Asia, by the suffrage of the most noble and sub- stantial citizens, and of all the most reverend clergy, and of all the rest of the whole city, ordained me;"8 and his competitor Bassianus, " Withgreat constraint and violence, the people, and the clergy, and the bishops installed me."' In the synod of Chalcedon, Eusebius, bishop of Ancyra, says that " the whole city of Gangra came to him, bringing their suffrages. "' Posidius tells us of St Augustine that " in ordaining priests and -- pFe4m xatvñs óFeovoyiaç, tor' 4scrr xai .9EOP,AEC4á4ou grzeiXi4C esa .aeloU, 9rav4óç 4t Tag eolpou, xai 9ráanç `Xr.n¢tyo¡cávns 4ñs TiXere5. ee op 2 i9ríOxo9lav 4Xaßrayóv a1 4E 4iç É9rapxaç, xai 47ä7ç 'Ava4oíltxnç ororxl7o'C 'g rtuvopa- paóv4Eç xavavtxwç ixsrpo4óvneav, sráens Oupr.+.Pf7fov 4mç 2.0.40ía5 úiovEp árá tai ç 9wvñ5 4ór ävápa 4rpanuárns. Athan. Apol. ii. p. 726. 4 Mil I'46"-" 4oiç 9'7soeu4ipatç, pañ 9Yá ' i9rroxá9rav, pay 9rajá ,1,y.Athan. ibid., p. 749. 5 Orat., xix. 310 ; Ep. xxi. e Scio post obitus episcoporum per ambitiosos aut contentiosos solere ecclesias per- turbari, &c. Aug., Ep, cx. 7 Euseb. deVit. Const., iii. 69, 60. Socr., i. 24. Mtptuií .-oc TO; 911.uiot4, &c. Soz. vì 23. Marcell., lib. 27. Aix; ótaxp'Aly vò 9r.1 ñ0as, &c. Socr., i. 24. Soz., iii. 4. Theod., iv. 6. op 'Epal 4EPrapáxaova 17140X07(01 vii; 'Aeíaç \ä,4W xai v o J.apan'pováva;, xai 4WY ítoyeí C, xai 4oú e.1at1EG4á4au 9ray;4 x?l1pau, xai 4W1, 019rr.y 9ráv4aly 4%ç 9ní.Xu'ç 91.'áÇnç ixErpa4óvn0¢Y. Cone. Chale., Act. xi. p. 404. 9 'Epai ái p eTie 9r,T.T.ñç etváywnç xai ¡3ía; i,dpovíYyouny Eis 442 aÚ4Ì7, 9ró.1,, "E0scro; Ó Aaó;, xai ó xAnpaç, xai of lo.hrwa,rar. Ilid. i9 `A9raaa .4p i 9,ó7.,ç ;FXAE 9rpáç ipai tie 'Ay .ípav xa( ixót.ci av 4rá \Lnrpí?paaTa. Syn. Chale.. Act. xvi. p. 462.
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