294. EMPERORS INTERFERED IN ORDINATIONS MORE THAN POPES. Even in some partsof Italy itselî the pope did not confirm bishops till the times of Pope Nicholas I.; as maybe collected from the sub- mission then of the bishop of Ravenna to that condition, " that he should have no power to consecrate bishops canonically elected in the regio Flaminia, unless it were granted him by letters from the apostolic see."1 And it was not without great opposition and struggling that he got that power otherwhere than in his original precincts, or where the juncture of things afforded him special advantage. 5. If examples would avail to determine right, there are more and more clear instances of emperors interposing in the constitution of bishops than of popes; as they had ground in reason, and autho- rity in holy Scripture: "And Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar," 1 Kings ii. 35. Constantine interposed at the designation of a bishop at Antioch in the room of Eustathius.' Upon Gregory Nazianzen's recess from Constantinople, Theodosius, that excellent emperor, who would not have infringed right, "com- manded the bishops present to write on paper the names of those whom each approved worthy to be ordained, and reserved to him- self the choice of one;"' and accordingly they obeying, he, out of all that were nominated, elected Nectarius. "Constantius delivered the see of Constantinople to Eusebius Nicomediensis."4 Constan- tins was angry with Macedonius, " because he was ordained without his licence."5 He "rejecting Eleusius and Sylvanus, ordered others to be substituted in their places."' When, before St Ambrose, the see of Milan was vacant, a synod of bishops "there entreated the emperor to declare one."' Flavianus said to the Emperor Theodo- sius, "Give, 0 king, the see of Antioch to whom you shall think good."' The emperor called Nestorius from Antioch to the see of Constantinople ;5 and he was, saysVincentius Lir. [of Lirens], "elected by the emperor's judgment."10 The favour of Justinian advanced et ne electos etiam canonice in Flaminia episcopos consecrandi facultatem haberet, nisi id sibi a sede apostolica literis concederetur. Plat. in P. Nic. I. s Euseb. de Vit. Const. iii. 59, 60. 3 npoa42gavrof 4o; ßarriXiaf molç (EpEValy ivypaiaal xatprn 4áç vrpoanyop' .3v Ëxaamol Sozgz4ovenv Elf ,AY ^ZElpa4oYlaV a' IwY, ÉfLU.W SE QU).agavroç Tor, i,oç i4i aÌPEaIY xai NExma'.ploY aipfïral.SOZ. vii. 8. EúçEßiá móv KwvomawrvauaróXEwç .Spiv;, aap_ówxty. Id. iii. 4. 5 "ow ap4 abmóv Éa'lmpisPal, evloomovñAn id. iii. 6. 8 Toil pit, igniXteos Te7. iwzXnalwv, ÉmfpoUç SE ó:Ym'- Cal, , xamaam5lYal mpoçémaZE.-49Eeod n. 27. 7 Aúmáv ñ oúv,Soç ii 9 i &c. Id. iv. 7. To yiap rol óòçá ßoú).El .rely '.Avrloxmwv Spóvov ¡ ßaçlXEí, &c. Id. v. 23. B Visum est imperatoribus nullum ordinare de Constantinopolitana ecclesia ponti- ficem, &c. Nestorium quasi utilem ad docendum Constantinopolin principes evocave- runt.Lib. Brev. vi.; Seer. vii. 29. 15 Quem tanto imperii judicio electum, tanto sacerdotum studio prosecutum, &c. Vine. Lir. p. 330.
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