3O4 THE EMPERORS DISCARDED VARIOUS POPES. The Emperor Leo deposedTimotheus Alums; for which Pope Leo highly commended and thanked him.' The emperors discarded divers popes. Constantius banished Pope Liberius, and caused another to be put in his room. Otho put out John XII. Justinian deposed Pope Sylverius, and banished Pope Vigilius.' Justinian banished Anastasius, bishop of Antioch; extruded An- thimus of Constantinople, and Theodosius of Alexandria.3 Neither, indeed, was any great patriarch effectually deposed with-. out their power or leave. Flavianus was supported by Theodosius against the pope. Dioscorus subsisted by the power of Theodosius junior. The deposition of Dioscorus, in the synod of Chalcedon, was voted with a reserve of " If it shall please our most sacred and pious lord."' In effect, the emperors deposed all bishops which were ordained beside [contrary to] their general laws; as Justinian, having pre- scribed conditions and qualifications concerning the ordinations of bishops, subjoins, " But if any bishop be ordained without using our forementioned constitution, we command you that by all means he be removed fromhis bishopric."' 14. The instances alleged to prove the pope's authority in this case are inconcludent [inconclusive] and invalid. They allege the case of Marcian, bishop of Arles, concerning whom, for abetting Novatianism, St Cyprian exhorts Pope Stephen that he would direct letters to the bishops of Gaul [France] and the people of Arles, that he being, for his schismatical behaviour, removed from communion, another should be substituted in his room.' The epistle grounding this argument is questioned by a great critic; but I willinglyadmit it to be genuine, seeing it has the style and spirit of St Cyprian, and suits his age, and I see no cause why it should be forged. Wherefore, omitting that defence, I answer that the whole matter being seriously weighed, makes rather against the pope's cause than for it; for if the pope had the sole or sovereign authority of rejecting bishops, whydid the Gaulish [French] bishops refer the matter to St Cyprian? whyhad Marcian himself a recourse to him? St Cyprian does not ascribe to the pope any peculiar authority of Evag. ii. 11; Lib. cap. 15; P. Leo I., Ep. xcix. 2 Lib. cap. xxii. 3 Evag. iv. 41, 11. 4 Ei orenparraín asl,rárry, zai ,io,r ereirá ,i,cá, 8aoarbn-n. Act. ii. p. 202. 6 Si quis autem citra memoratam observationem episcopus ordinetur, jubemus hunt omnibus modis episcopatu depelli.Justin. Novell., cxxiii. cap. 1. 6 Cypr. Ep. lxvii. Dirigantur in provinciam et ad plebem Arelate consistentem litene, quibus abstento Marciano alius in ejus locum substituatur, &c.
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