344 POPES HAVE ERRED, IN THE JUDGMENT OF PAPISTS. throw down the church into ruin, by error and impiety. [He says,] " Therefore (which God forbid !) the universal church falls when he falls who is called universal." "The state and order of our Lord's family," [says Pope Leo,] " will decay when that which is required in the body is not to be found in the head. "'* But that he is not infallible much experience and history abun- dantly show. The ancients knew no such pretender to infallibility; otherwise theywould have left disputing, and run to his oracular dictates for information. They would only have asserted this point against heretics. We should have had testimonies of it innumerable. It had been the most famous point of all.' I will not mention Pope Stephanus universally approving the baptismof heretics, against the decrees of the synod of Nice and other synods; nor Pope Liberius complying with Arianism; nor Pope Innocent I. and his followers, at least till Pope Gelasius, first asserting the communion of infants for needful;3 nor Pope Vigi- lius dodging [playing fast and loose] with the fifth synod ; nor Pope Honorius, condemned by so manycouncils andpopes for mono - thelitism; but surely Pope Leo and Pope Gelasius were strangely deceived when they condemned partaking in one kind; Pope Gre- gory was foully out when he condemned the worship of images, and when he so declaimed against the title of Universal Bishop, and when he avowed himself a subject to the Emperor Mauritius, and when he denied the books of Maccabees to be canonical, and when he asserted the perfection of holy Scripture;4 Pope Leo II. was mis- taken when he charged his infallible predecessor Honorius of mo- nothelitism;6 Pope Nicholas was a little deceived when he deter- mined the attrition of Christ's body; Pope Urban II. was out when he allowed it lawful for good Catholics to commit murder on persons excommunicate ;6 Pope Innocent IV. erred when he called kings "the pope's slaves."' If many popes had been writers, we should have had more errors to charge them with. Universa ergo ecclesia, quod absit, a statu suo corruit, quando is qui vocatur universalis cadit. Greg. M., Ep. iv. 32. Totius familiaDomini status et ordo nutabit, si quod requiritur in corpore, noninveniatur in capite.,P. Leo, Ep. lxxxvii. * The saying of Pope Gregory is hypothetical, and implies a solemn disavowal of in- fallibility ; that of Pope Leo seems to be an argument for the infallibility of the pope, and added to show that this must be assumed in one who claims to be supreme in the church. En. 2 In nullo aliter sapere quam res se habet angelica perfectio est. Aug. de Bapt. contr. Don. ii. 5. "Not to think of a thing otherwise than it is, is an angelical per- fection." 5 P. Gelas. I., Ep. ix. p. 636. 4 De Consecr., Dist. ii. cap. 12 ; Greg., Ep. vii. 110, ii. 62, iv. 32, 36, 38, vi. 30; In Job., lib. xix. cap. 13, xviii. 14. 5 Grat. de Consecr. ii., Dist. ii. cap. 42. 6 Grat. Caus. xxiii. qu. 5, cap. 47. Mancipia papa.Matt. Paris., ann. 1253.
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