, INTRODIICTION. 13 " Go to, therefore, most holy princes of the apostles, and what I said, by interposing your authority, confirm ; that all men may now at length understand, if ye canbind and loose in heaven, that ye also can upon earth take away and give empires, kingdoms, and whatsoever mortals can have: for if ye can judge things belonging unto God, what is to be deemed concerning these inferior and pro- fane things ? And if it is your part to judge angels, who govern proud princes, what becometh it you to do toward their servants ? Let kings now, and all secular princes, learn by this man's example what ye can do in heaven, and in what esteem ye are with God, and let themhenceforth fear to slight the commands of holy church: but put forth suddenly this judgment, that all men may understand that not casually, but by your means, this son of iniquity doth fall from his kingdom."' So did that pope, not unadvisedly in heat or passion, but out of settled judgment, upon cool deliberation, express himself in his synods at Rome. This pope is, indeed, by many held the inventer and broacher of this strange doctrine; and even those who about his age opposed it expressed themselves of this mind, calling it " the novel tradition, schism, heresy of Hildebrand." " Pope Hildebrand," says the church of Liege, in its answer to the epistle to Pope Paschal, " is author ofthis new schism, and first raised the priest's lance against the royal diadem; who first girded himself, and by his example other popes, with the sword of war against the emperors." " This only novelty," says Sigebert, " not to say heresy, had not yet sprung up in the world, that the priests of him who says to the king, Apostate,' and who makes hypocrites to reign for the sins of the people (Job xxxiv. 18-30), should teach the people that they owe no subjection to bad kings, and although they have sworn allegiance to the king, they yet owe him none; and that they who take part against the kingmay not be said to be perjured; yea, that he who shall obey the king may be held excommunicate; he that shall oppose the king may be absolved from the crime of injustice and perjury."" est, ut is honore careat, qui majestatem ecclesise imminuere causatu,'.Plat. in Greg. VII. et tom. vii.; Conc. Rom. iii.; apud Bin., p. 484. t Agite igitur, apostolorum sanctissimi principes, et quoddici, &c. Plat. in Greg. VII. ; Cone. Rom. vii.; apud Bin., tom. vii. p. 491. 2 Quod en novella traditione Hildebrandus.Ecel. Leod. apud Bin., tom. vii. p. 521. 8 Hildebrandus P. author est hujus novelli schismatic, et primus levavit sacerdotalem lanceam contra diadema regni.Mid, p. 522. Qui primus se, et suo exemplo alios pontifices, contra imp. accinxit gladio belli.Ibid, p. 523. 4 }Imo sola novitas, ne dicam hæresis, nondum in mundo emerserat, ut sacerdotes illius qui dicit regi, Apostata, et qui regnare facit hypocritas propter peccata populi, do-
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