24 INTRODUCTION. which is jumbled in adherence to the pope, that divers will not allow us to take this tenet of infinite power to be a doctrine of their church, for divers in that communion do not assent to it. For there is a sort of heretics (as Bellarmine and Baronius call them) skulking everywhere in the bosom of their church, all about Christendom, and in some places stalking with open face, who re- strain " the pope's authority so far as not to allow him anypower over sovereign princes in temporal affairs, much less any power of depriving them of their kingdoms and principalities."' " They are all branded for heretics who take from the church of Rome and the see of St Peter one of the two swords, and allow only the spiritual." This heresy Baronius bath nominated the " heresy of the politics."' This heresy a great nation [France], otherwise sticking to the Roman communion, stiffly maintains, not enduring the papal sove- reignty over princes in temporals to be preached in it. There were many persons, yea synods, who opposed Pope Hil- debrand in the birth of his doctrine, condemning it for a pernicious novelty, and branding it with the name of heresy; as we before showed. Since the Hildebrandine age there have been in every nation (yea, in Italy itself) divers historians, divines, and lawyers, who have in elaborate tracts maintained the royal sovereignty against the pon- tifical.' This sort of heretics are now so much increased, that the Hilde- brandine doctrine is commonly exploded; which, by the way, shows that the Roman party is no less than others subject to change its sentiments, opinions among them gaining and losing vogue accord- ing to circumstances of time and contingencies of things.* Altera non tam sententia quam haeresis duo docet, primo, pontificem ut pontificem ex jure divino nullam habere temporalem potestatem, nec posse ullo modo imperare principibus secularibus, nedum eos regnis et principatu privare, &c. Bell., v. 1. 2 Haeresis errorenotantur omnes qui ab ecclesiaRom. cathedraPetri e duobus alterum gladium auferunt, nec nisi spiritualem concedunt.Baron., anno 1053, § 14. Hæresis politicorum, Baron., anno 1073, § 13. 8 Otto Prising., Sigebert., Abbas Ubsp., Occam, Marsilius Patay., &c. # The truth of this has been singularly proved in our day. When the foreign Ro- manists were consulted by their English brethren, before theEmancipation of 1829, on the subject of the temporal power of the pope, the following was the opinion of the universities of the Sorbonne, of Louvain, Douay, Alcala, and Salamanca:"That the pope or cardinals, or anybody of men, or any individual of the church of Rome, has At nor have any civil authority, power, jurisdiction, or pre-eminence whatsoever within the realm of England." Whether so intended or not, this is so expressed as to retain the fundamental principle of the papal supremacy. Hildebrand himself did not pre- tend to civil authority or jurisdiction. The authority he claimed extended over all matters civil and ecclesiastical ; but the authority itself he held to be spiritual and ec- clesiastical, founded not on civil grounds, buton his being the vicegerent of Himwho is " King of kings and Lord of lords." And it is on this ground that our present Ultramontanists, withCardinal Wiseman at their head, base their arrogant pretensions
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