zo6 01' THE fiGURES OF A SENTENCE IN LOGISM. Book I. ' fnatch up the fir£1: Thing that comes to hand for a Weapon, to annoy or affault their Adverfary; fo to fuch as are oppreffed with a Weight of Grief, what!oever is obvious ' to them or in view, feems to be the Caufe of their Misfortune; yea fuch Things as ' are infen!ible, and contribute n?thing. to it. So Job in his Affliction, curfed the Day of hrs Natlvrty, and the Nrght m whrch It was fard, a Man is born: Wherein was the ' Day or Night guilty; in nothing furely. So the Mountains of Gilboa are curfed by ' David, when yet they did no hurt: For Saul might have tarried at home, and acted ' righteooOy, which would have hindred that Mifchance. But by this Profopopa:ia, the ' Affeetion and PaOion of him that grieves is denoted, who would have all dell:roved, ' I?rovided the Thin.!:l he loves, be Jafe.' Other Examples.are, I Kiizgs xiii. 2. Pfal. cxtv. 5· b. and cxlvru. 3,4, 5, 6, &c. 'fer. xlvu. 6. Ezek. xur. I I. (m the Hebrew) xxi. I6. and xxxvi. I, 4, S, &c. 'Joel ii. 21. Micahvi. 2. Zecb. xi. I, 2. Hof. x. S. Luke xxiii. 30. I Cor. xv. 55, &c. In 0pecie an .Apoflrophe is directed fometimes to the Hea':Je/IS and the Earth; Deut. xxxii. I. !fa. i. 2. 'fer. ii. I2, I3· and xxii. 29. upon which .Arias Montanus in libro Jofeph Chap. vi. fays, Ca:li aliqumzdo tejles adeo appellari folent, &c. ' The Heavens are ' wont fometimes to be appealed to as Witneffes by God, becaufe of their Integrity and ' Cert~inty. For nothing tranfacted on Earth, can be hid from the View of Heaven, ' which by its daily Motion perlu!lrates all Things. Heaves lives, feels, cheers, and ' fees to God, to whom all things live, &c.' By the very Text and parallel Phrafes, Deut. xxx. 19. Pfal. I. r, 4· Rom. viii. 20, 22. it is evident that thefe .llpoflrophes were ufed for Conviction and DeteO:ation of the Malice, Stubbornne1s and Ingratitude of Men, whofe Duty it was to receive the gracious Invitations of a merciful God, and .lincerely to obey him. · 'jerome in his Commentary on !fa. i. 2. fays, QJ<ia per Moifen 'iejles vocaverat Domi– ~tus Ca:lum & 'ierram, &c. ' Becaufc the Lord by Mofes called Heaven and Earth as ' Witneffes, when he prefcribed Jfrael his Law after their Prevarication;* he calls rhem ' again as Evidences, tha.t all the Elements may know, that the Lord had jull: Caufe to ' be angry, and dill:ribute Vengeance to the Infringers of his holy Commands:' the meaning is, if Heaven and Earth were endued with Underltanding and Reafon, they would certainly accufe this People for their Wickednefs. For they and all Things con· rained in them, carefully obferve their appointed Station, and do anfwer the End they were intended for: But Man alone, for whom all Things were made, becomes refractory and difobedient. V. n~otrwr.o7l'"ou~, Profopop&ia., (fignifying the feigning of a Perfon) is when an inani– mate Thing is introduced, as fpeaking like a rational Perfon. This Profopopasia we have treated of in the firl1 Volume, Book I. p. 91. among Metaphors, but that differs from this Figure. ( t.) With RelpeCI: to Subjeff, for that relates only to certain Things inanimate, which 31e not Perfons; whereas thefe concern Men alfo. (2.) With RefpeC\ to the' Predicate and .Attributes: For in that, fuch attributes of all Kinds, from animate Tbings, chiefly Men, as are tranOated to inanimate Things, are treated of; but in this what relates only to Speech, and when mention is made in that Speech, anributed to in– animate Creatures, there is regard had only to its ACI:ion or Act; but in this, there is re– fpeCI: to the formality of Speech, or Worr;ls actually.pronounced, &c. Some diftigguiOa this Figure into imperfetl and perjeff; the inzperjeff they call that whereby the Speech of another is lightly and obliquely reprefentecl; or when one gives a Oaort Narrative or Expofition of what another Perfon fpoke. The Perjeff is, when the proper Perfon is wholly laid afide, and another Perfon or Thing is introduced as fpeaking; or when the very formal Words of the Perfon introduced are recited, which from t Plato and .Arij/otle, de Poetis, is called P.'P."''' or Imitation: In the faered Scrip. ture either the true Perfon is introduced as fpeaking, or .an inanimate Thing; the firfl is done openly or covertly: Openly, as when the Verb of faying is premifed, and ~ clear Intimation given that another Perfon fpeaks: Covertly, when the Verb of faymg is omitted; in an apert Profopopmia, the Speech is uttered of the Thing itfelf; or e!fe feigned and framed to fignify another Thing: the former is either good and true, or falfe and evil. Examples of thcfe in Order. r. A good and true Speech is propofed by the fJcred ·writers, whenever the Words of God himfelf, and our Savior Chrifl, or of .Angels and good Men are expreffed: Pfal. ii. 7, 8, 9· '[be Lprd fetid unto me, 'ihou art my Son, this Day have I begottem thee. • Deut. Xl'xi. 1~ t De R1pub, J• .11ft
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