Part I. OF A METAPHOR IN GENERAL. 39 fuch an infinite Variety, which can fcarce be concluded or terminated by Art, rightly fay, that the mofi illuf1:rious Sort of Metaphors are to be expounded and difiinguifhed under certain Heads) and they make them four, VIZ. 1. From a;zimate 'l'hings (viz. fuch as have Life) to miimate, as when God is put for a Magiftrate, or a Shepherd for a Prince or Ruler. 2 • From animate'l'hings, to inanimate (viz. Things which have no Life) as when the Earth is faid to groan, and the Olive to lie. 3 . Or from inanimate Things to animate, as when Chrift is called a Door, aVine, &~ . 4 . Or from inanimate Things to inmzimate, as when the lvfyjler)' of Salvation is called a Foundation, I 'l'im. vi. 19. 2 'l'im. ii. I9, &c. Others not retpecting Things as they are in Nature, obferve a grammatical Series, or Order, becaufe Metaphors, are found in Nouns, Verbs and Adverbs. In Nouns Subjlantives, as where it is faid, Deut. xxii. '4· 'l'he Fat of th~ Kidnies oj Wheat, for choice Grains of Wheat, where is a double Metaphor. · Firf1:, In Fat, for the Choicenefs or Precioufnefs, and Secondly, In Reins, which is put for Grains, becaufe they are like them in Form; and both are joined, becaufe the Reins in a living Creature are covered with Fat. Thus Chrift is called the Light of the World, 'joh1z. viii. r2, The Good Shepherd, John x. 11. The Apofiles are called the Salt of the Earth, Matth. v. q, &c. In Nouns Adje[iive, as when one is faid to be of uncircumcifed Lips, Ears, Heart, as Exod. vi. 12. Jer.vi. 10. and ix. 26. for tobeofanimpureandfinful Heart. When the unhelieving and worldly-minded Man is faid to be dead, Matth. viii. 22. When the Word or heavenly DoCtrine is faid to be found; I 'l'izn. i. ro. and vi. 3· 2 'l'im. i. I 3· and iv. 3, &c. In Verbs, as when it is faid of the Wicked they 1hall wither, Pfal. xxxvii. 2. that is, they iliall perifh. The Soul is faid to thirfl, when it earnefl:ly and vehen;ently defires any Thing, Pfal. xlii. 2. So when Putting on is taken for Alfuming, as Eph. iv. 24. In Adverbs, as when to take a Thing hardly is put for Grief and Sorrow, as Gen. xxi. I r. To fpeak h~rdly is put for roughly or feverely, as Gen. xlii. 7· To be griev– ozif/)' wounded is put for very much; r Kings xxii. 34· Thus in the vulgar Latin Edi– tion, but the Hebrew is without Adverbs there. But a more proper Example, as in Matth. xxvi. 75, He wept "'"e"''' bitterf;, that i,, very much; a Metaphor taken from 'l'af!e: So )..rx.p.,..pw; fplendidf?; i~ put fo( e,mi: nently or fumptuoufly, Luke xvi. 19. ' ' But waving thefe, our Method fhall be to confider this Trope, ( 1.) More fpecially. (z .) More generally. I, More fpecially, which iliall be about Things that are tranflated to God, which properly belong to Man. Chap. vii. The 2, About what Things belonging to other Creatures are a(cribed to C{od, Ch. vii·i. The 3· When Things properly afcribable to Perfons, are attributed to Things that arenot Perfons, Chap. ix. 4· More generally, which iliall be to lay down the dill:inct Heads and Cfajfes of Me– taphors, with fuccinct Explications of each. 5· We fhall produce fuch Metaphors taken from God and the Creatures, as are ob– vious in univerfal Nature. Chap. x. xi. xii. 6. Such as are taken from facred Perfons and Things, as divine vVor!hip, &c.; Chap. xiii. CHAP.
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