574 The HISTORY of the PURtTArrs. Chap. V. K. Charles I. rior clergy ; for thole bithops who had not been beholden to Laud fortheir '633. preferments, nor had any farther expectations, were very cool in the affair, while the archbifhop's creatures in many places, tookupon them to make thefe alterations by their own authority, without the injunctions or di- rections of their diocefans, which laid the foundation of many law-fuits. Thofe who oppofed the alterations were called dcc`lrinal puritans, and the promoters of them do5/rinalpapifs. of bowing The court clergy were of the latter fort, and were vehemently íufpeEted towards the ofan inclination to popery, becaufe of their fuperftitious bowing to the altar. altar, not only in time of divine fervice, but at their going in and out of church. This was a practice unknown to the laity of the church of England before this time, but archbishop Laud introduced it into the royal chapel at Whitehall, and recommended it to all the clergy by his example, for when he went in and out ofchapel, a lane was always made for him to fee the altar, and do reverence towards it. All his majefty's chaplains, CoOver's and even the common people, were enjoined the fame practice. In the Eel. HO, new body of ftatutes for the cathedral of Canterbury, drawn up by his grace, and confirmed under the great feal, the dean and prebendaries are obliged by oath, to bow to the altar at coming in and going out of church ; which could arife from no principle but a belief of the real prefence of Chrift in the facrament or altar or from a fuperflitious imitation of the pagans worfhipping towards the eaft. Furniture of To make the adoration more fignificant, the altars in cathedrals were the altar of adorned with the molt pompous furniture, and all theveffels underwent thecathe- a folemn confecration. The cathedral of Canterbury was furnifhed dral of Can- , ac- terbury. cording to bifhop Andrews's model, who took it from the Roman miffal, with two candlellicks and tapers; a balm for oblations, a cu/hion for the fervice book, a Jilver gilt can for the wafers, like a wickerbasket lined with cambrick lace, the tonne on a cradle; a chalice with the image of Chrift and the loft lheep, and of the wife men and ftar, engraven on the fides and on the cover. The chalice was covered with a linen napkin, called the aire, embroidered with coloured filk ; two patins, the tricanale being a round ball with a fcrew cover, out of which iffued three pipes, for the water of mixture ; a credentia or fide table, with a bafin and ewer on napkins, and a towel to wafh before the confecration ; three kneeling flools covered and fluffed, the foot pace with three afcents, covered with a Turkey carpet ; three chairs ufed at ordinations, and the feptum or rail with two afcents. Upon fome altars there was a pot, called the incenfe pot, and a'knfe to cut the facramental bread. The
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