Chap. nr. The HIS T 0 R y of tbe PuRITANS. 437 others; he talked with them in their own language, and the converfation Oliver Protetlo1~ commonly ended with a long prayer. . 1 6 54 . The proteCtor's chief fupport againll: thefe powerful adverfanes were 1..../'V"'-J the independents, the city of London, and the army; the former looked Hisfrimds. upon him as the head of their party, though be was no more theirs, than as he was averfe to church power, and for an univerfal toleration, He Burnct, P· courted the city of London with a decent refpeCt, declaring upon a!.l cc- 68 • cafions, his refolution to confirm their privileges, and confult meaCures for promoting trade and commerce. Thefe in return after his infl:alment, entertained him at dinner in a rnofl: magnificent and prince-like manner, and by degrees modelled their rnagifl:rates to his mind. · But his chief dependance was upon the army, which con filling of different parties, he took care to reform by degrees, till they were in a manner entirely at his devotion. He paid the (oldiers well, and advanced them according to their merits, and zeal for his government, without regard to their birth, or feniority. It was the proteCtor's felicity, that the parties above· mentioned had as RemarkS'. great an enmity to each other, as to him, the cavaliers bated the prefbyterians and republicans, as thefe did the cavaliers; the royalijls fancied all who were againll: the proteCtor, mufl: join with them in refl:oring the king; while the presbyteriamwere pul11ing for their covenant uniformity, and the republicans for a commonwealth, Cromwd/ had the !kill not on-· , ly to keep them divided, but to encreafe their jealoufies of each other, and by that means to difconcert all their meafures againfl: himfelf. Let the 1eader recolleCt what a difficult fituation this was; and what age– nius it mufi require to maintain fo high a reputation abroad, in the midll: of fo many domefl:ic enemies, who were continually plotting his· defiruCtion. In purfuance of the lnjlrument if gov.ernment, the proteCtor publia1ed Scotland and an ordinance April I 2. to incorporate the two kingdoms of Scotland Ireland in– and England. The ordinance fets forth, " that whereas the parliament co?b':Eted " in 1651. had fent commiffioners into Scotland, to invite that nation to ~~~d. ng· . " an union with England under one government; and whereas the con- " fent of the foires and boroughs was then obtained, therefore for corn- " pleatin& th.at work, he. ordains, that the. people of Scotland, and all · " the terntones thereunto belonging, 01all be incorporated into one cam-· " monwealth of_ England; and that in every parliament to he held fuccef- " lively for the laid commonwealth, thirty members lhall be called from · " thence to ferve for Scotland-" Shortly after Ireland was incor- · porated after the fame manner; and from this time the arms of Scotland ; and Ireland .'were quartered with thofe of England•. But
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