SECTION III. 451 are so entirely passive, but they have a tendency to excite the person to lively and vigorous actions of some kind or other. And indeed this is the chief design of them in the nature of man. IV. Because several of the passions, or thesecommotions of animal nature, do particularly affect the heart, therefore the heart, in the common sense of mankind, is reckoned the seat of the passions, and they are sometimes called the passions of the heart. It was probably from this observation, that some ancient philosophers and writers among other nations, as well as the Jews, supposed the heart to be the special seat and residence of the soul or intellectual spirit, and on this account the heart in scripture, as well as in heathen writings, is used to signify the soul itself. V. The ferment of the animal juices, and the motion of the blood, are not the only things which are affected while passion is raised ; for most of the passions have some effects on the colour or features of the countenance, and especially on the eyes, and discover themselves by gestures or voices, or other outward signs : So sorrow is discovered by tears and groans, mirth by laughter, joy by a smiling countenance, and anger by frowning, &c. Whence it comes to pass that many of them are so happily imitated by painters. VI. It is true, that the passions are generally,if not always raised or occasioned by the perception of some object, according to the special properties that belong to it : yet there are several things in the nature and the life ofman which greatly dispose the heart to particularpassions, and render it much more susceptive of them ; such as age, constitution, health or sickness, weather, &c. which I shall hereafter enumerate more particularly. VII. Though the complexion of some persons make them more susceptive of these pathetic commotions in general than ethers are, and though the natural or accidental state or circum- stances of some persons, and at certain seasons, dispose them more to particular passions, such as fear, anger, joy, hope, &c. yet there is scarce any person, whatsoever be his complexion, or his age, or his circumstances, who makes a strict and narrow observation of what passes within him, but will find almost all the passions ofnature, at onetime or other, rising in him ingrea- ter or less degrees. VIII. Though the chief, and the original passions are these which were before named, viz. wonder, love, hatred, esteem, contempt, &c. yet they include a great variety of particular affec- tions tinder them. In many of the passions the ferments of flesh and blood, and the sensations and motions ofthe mind, are so ex- ceedingly swift and moxnentaneous, they are so joined and com- plicated with each other, and they run so often into oneanothgr rf2
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