458 DOCTRINE OF THE PASSIONS. perly has sóme sensible being for theobject of it, as man or some other animal : But we takecomplacence or delight in garments, flowers, houses, herbs, meats, drinks, books, conversation, or any thing that pleases us, as well as in our animal or intellectual fellow- creatures, or in God our Creator. Complacence always supposes some present good in the ob- ject suited to our desires or delights ; benevolence sometimes is laid out uponan object that has no such present good in it, as we can desire or delight in, but only some foundation of futuregood, or sonie capacity to be made good or agreeable. A pious man can never Iove wicked men with the love of complacency or delight ; but he may exercise the love of benevolence towards them to pity them, and to wish their recovery. So our Saviour could not love the bloody city of Jerusalem with complacency, because it (tilled the prophets, and blasphemed Godand his Son ; buthe loved it with benevolence, and wept over it some tears of compassion. There may be, and there are a thousand objects of benevo lence or good-will, in which we have no complacence or present delight. God, and angels and good men exercise benevolence towards sinners, in whom they have no. complacency : But there can hardly be anyperson, or any sensible being, in which we take delight, but we have a good-will to it, and wish its welfare. Thus, thoughbenevolence and complacence greatly differ in theirnature, yet often meeting and centering in the same object, theWord love is applied to signify both, and too often without a just distinction. Having premised all these things, let us proceed to discourse of the love of benevolenceor good-will, and its contrary, male volence or ill-will, and to distinguish them into their several kinds. Benevolence consists in a hearty concern for the welfareof any sensible being, or a propensity to do good to it. In a large sense indeed the word may be applied to that respect which we sometimes chew to inanimate beings, which are not supposed to be sensible. If we see the fine garden at I{ensington, or die noble paintings of Raphael at Hampton-Court, we wish them a long continuance in their beauty, and that no rude hand may ever destroy them. But this benevolence or love of good-will, is more properly exercised toward intelligent or sensible crea- tures only. Though every man in reality bears good -will or benevo- lence toward himself, yet the wordbenevolence, generallymeans the good-will or love we bear to another. If the beingwhich is beloved, be accounted inferior to the lover, it is called the love of simple benevolence, or good-will, without ony other name ; so a master may love his servant. If the beloved object may be
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