SECTION X. 465 the evil feared, it iscalled anxiety and solicitude: When we are afraid lest some other person should prevent our possession or enjoyment of the good desired, it awakens in us suspicion and jealousy, which are very busy and troublesome passions, and discover themselves by a perpetual uneasy watchfulness, and a degree of displicence and ill-will toward the objects of them. If the enjoyment of the good desired depends pretty much on ourselves, and on our own conduct, and we are at a loss what means to make use of to obtain it, then our hope is attended with suspense or fluctuationof the mind. When this is overcome, the mind feels itself in a state of resolution and courage. The first gives a perplexity of soul, the last gives freedotn. If fear be mingled with surprise, or arise on a sudden to any violent degree, it gains the name of terror and consterna- tion. The highest degree of aversion and fear united are called horror. When fear settles into a habit, it maintains a most dread- ful and insupportable tyrannyover the mind, and makes life itself a burden. Desire and hopemanifest themselves by an eager stretching out the arms to receive the good desired ; by an intentfixation of the eye on theperson fromwhom we expect it ; by breathing and panting after the object of our desires ; by a chearful counten- ance, andthe joys of hope intermingled with earnest wishes, and an impatience of possession. Fear shews itself by paleness of the cheek, sinking of the spirits, trembling of the limbs, hurry and confusion of the mind and thoughts, agonies of nature and fainting. Many a person has died with fear. Sometimes it rouses all nature to exert itself in speedy flight, or other methods, to avoid the approaching evil ; sudden terrorhas performed some almost incredibles of this kind. There isnothing, says a late writer, more quick and apprehensive than fear, nor any passion to which our powers pay a more speedy obedience ; for it is in pursuance of that great law of nature, self-preservation. As by lively hope we do in some measure rejoice in the good before we possess it : so by sink- ing fears we do, as it were, suffer the evil before it comes upon us : And by this means many times our hopes and fears please and pain us more than the good or evil when they arepre - sent with us. SECT. XI. Of Joy and Sorrow. Joy and sorrow are the third set of passions derived from love and hatred. When the good we desire is obtained and secured, our fear and hope cease, and are turned into joy : Or if the evil which w.e would avoid, be actually come upon us, all our former hopes and fears about it sink. into present grief or sorrow. s VoL. tI. r (#
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