btl ART OF READING AND WRITING. rally to lengthen the syllable, or to alter the sound of the other vowel ; as a u in cause, e o in people, o a in groan. 6 Q. Do not diphthongs much alter their sound in different words; A, Yes; so much, as scarce to be reduced to any certain rules, and it is better learned by custom and practice. Note, It has been usual, with writers on these subjects, to distinguish the diphthongs into two sorts, namely, proper and improper : They call those proper where both vowels are pronounced; and improper, where one only is sounded. But there are so many instances wherein one 'of the vowels is net sounded, even in those which they call proper diphthongs; au in aura, grow, flow, cough, rough, neuter, 85e. that I choose rather. to make no such distinction between them; for it is nothing but practicecan teach as how and when one or both vowels are to be sounded. We should proceed in the next place to showwhat difference there is in the pronunciation of proper names, or words of any foreign language, Let it be observed in general, that most words borrowed or derived from the learned languages, namely, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, are pronounced in Hog, Dab, as Englishmen prouuunce them in those languages except where the termi nation is altered, and those words are made English, then that determination is pronounced according to the English custom. These words that we have borrowed from our neighbour nations, such as the French, &e. should be pronounced nearly as a Frenchman pronounces them in his own tongue. But to help the English reader, these few following rules may he of some advantage. CHAP. VIII.-Of the Sound of Consonants in Foreign Words, 1 QUESTION. WHICI -I of the consonants differ from their English sound in wordsborrowed or derived from other languages ? Answer. c, g, h, and t, in proper names and foreign words differ a little from the usual English pronunciation ; also the double consonant ch. 2 Q. Wherein doth e differ ? A. c sounds like k in sceptic, scepticism, scepton, ascetic; and some proper names ; as Cis,' Cenc/zrea, Aceldamá. 3 Q. Where doth ch differ from the English sound ? A. ch sounds likek in words derived from the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew ; as chaos, character, christian, stomach, anchor, scheme, 4-c. and proper names ; as Melchizedek, Archelaus, Ar- chippus, and Antioch. But there are two exceptions. First, except sc/zisnz, schismatic, drachm, efc. where the ch is lost. Secondly, except Rachael, Tychicus, cherubim; and the words that are madeEnglishbeginning with arch, as arch bishop, arch- angel, architect, where ch has the proper English sound ; though if a vowel follow arch, the ch, may be also sometimes sounded like Is; as archetype, architect, 4c. may be read arke- type, arki-tect.
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