CHAPTER II. 325 prom the mind of man. This sort of relations are called by the schools entia rationis, or second notions, which have no real be- ing, but by the operation of the mind. III. The third division of modes shews us, they are eithtr intrinsical or extrinsical. Intrinsical modes are conceived to be in the subject or substance, as when we say, a globe is round, or swift, rolling or at rest : or when we say, a man is tall or learned, these are intrinsic modes : but extrinsic modes are such as arise from something that is not in the subject or substance itself; but it is a manner of being, which some substances attain by reason of something that is external or foreign to the subject ; as, this globe lies within two .yards of the wall ; or, this man is beloved, or hated. Note, such sort of modes, as this last example, are called external denominations. IV. There is a fourth division much a -kin to this, whereby modes are said to he inherent or adherent, that is, proper or im- proper. Adherent or improper modes arise from the joining of some accidental substance to the chief subject, which yet may be separated from it ; so when a bowl is wet, or a boy is clothed, these are adherent modes; for the water and the clothes are dis- tinct substances, which adhere to the bowl or to the boy ; but when we say, the bowl is swift, or round ; when we say the boy is strong or witty, these are proper or inherent modes, for they bave a sort of in -being in the substance itself; and do not arise from the addition of any other substance to it, V. Action and passion are modes or manners which belong to substances, and should not entirely beomitted here. When a smith with a hammer strikes a piece of iron, the hammer and the smith are both agents, or subjects of action ; the one is the prime or supreme, the other the subordinate: the iron is the patient, or the subject of passion, in a philosophical sense, be- cause it receives the operation of the agent ; though this sense of the words passion and patient differs much from the vulgar meaning of them*. VI. The sixth division of modes may he into physical, i. e. natural, civil, moral, and supernatural. So when we consider the apostle Paul, who was a little man, a Roman by the privi- lege of his birth, a man of virtue or honesty, and an inspired apostle; his loco stature is a physical mode, his being a Roman is a civil privilege, his honesty is a moral consideration, and his being inspired is supernatural. VII. Modes belonging either to body, or to spirit, or to both. Modes of body belong only to matter or to corporal be- * Note, Agent signifies the doer, patient the sufferer, action is doing, passion is suffering: agent and action have retained their orignal and philosophical sense, th'oagh patient and passion have aoquired a very different meaning in common language. x.3
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy OTcyMjk=