332 LOGIC: OR, THE RIGHT USE OF REASOÑ. compound idea, whether these united ideas be simple or com- plex. So a man is compounded of body and spirit, so mithridate is a compound medicine, because it is made of many different in- gredients: this I have shewn under the doctrine of substances. And modes also may be compounded; harmony is a compound idea made up of different sounds united ; so several different virtues must be united to make up the compounded idea or cha- racter, either of a hero, or a saint. But when many ideas of the same kind are joined together, and united in one name, or under one view, it is called a collec- tive idea, so an army, or a parliament, is a collection of men ; a dictionary, or nomenclatura, is a collection of words; a flock is a collection of sheep ; a forest, or grove, a collection of trees ; a heap is a collection of sand, or corn, or dust, &c. a city is a collection of houses; a nose -gay is a collection of flowers; a month, or a year, is a collection of days ; and a thousand is a collection of units. The precise difference between a compound and collective idea is this, that a compound idea unites things of a different kind, but a collective idea things of the same kind: though this distinction in some cases is not accurately observed, and custom oftentimes uses the word compound for collective. SECT. III. -Of universal and particular Ideas, real and imaginary. IDEAS, according to their objects, may first be divided into particular or universal. A particular idea is that which represents one thing only. Sometimes the one thing is represented in a loose and inde- terminate manner, as when we say, some man, any man, one man, another man; some horse, any horse; one city, or another, which is called by the schools individuum vagum. Sometimes the particular idea represents one thing in a de- terminate manner, and then it is called a singular idea ; such as Bucephalus, or Alexander's horse, Cicero, the orator, Peter the apostle, the palace of Versailles, this book, that river, the new forest, or the city of London ; that idea which represents one particular determinate thing to me, is called a singular idea, whether it be simple, or complex, or compound. The object of any particular idea, as well as the idea itself, is sometimes called an individual : so Peter is an individual man, London is an individual city. So this book, one horse, another horse, are all individuals ; though the word individual is more usually limited to one singular, certain, and determined object. An universal idea is that which represents a common na- ture agreeing to several particular things, so a horse, a man, or
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