474 tome: OR, THE "RIGHT VSE Or REASON. to simple or categorical syllogisms, of which we shall speak ilk the next chapter, though all syllogisms whatsoever have some- thing analogical to it. Note farther, That the major proposition is generally pla- ced first, and the minor second, and the conclusion in the last place, where the syllogism is regularly composed and repre- sented. The form of a syllogism is the framing and disposing of the premises according to art, or just principles of reasoning, and the regular inference of the conclusion from them. The act of reasoning, or inferring one thing from another, . iá generally expressed and known by the particle therefore, when the argument is formed according to the rules of art ; though in common discourse or writing, such causal particles as for, be- cause, manifest the act of reasoning as well as the illative particles then and therefore; and wheresoever any of these words are used, there is a perfect syllogism expressed or im- plied, though perhaps the three propositions do not appear,, or are not placed in regular form. CHAP. II. Of the various Kinds of Syllogisms, with parti- cular Rules relating to them. SYLLOGISMS are divided into various kinds, either ac- cording to the question which is proved by them, according to the nature and composition of them, or according to the middle term, which is used to prove the question. SECT. I. Of universal and particular Syllogisms, both negative and affirmative. ACCORDING to the question which is to be proved, so syllogisms are divided into universal affirmative, universal nega- tive, particular affirmative, and particular negative. This is often called a division of syllogisms drawn from the conclusion; for so many sorts of conclusions there may be, which are marked with the letters A, E, I, O. In an universal affirmative syllogism, one idea 'is proved universally to agree with another, and may be universally affirm- ed of it ; as, every sin deserves death, every unlawful wish is a sin ; therefore every unlawful wish deserves death. . In an universal negative syllogism, one idea is proved to dis- agree with another idea universally, and may be thus denied of it ; as, no injustice can be pleasing to God; all persecution for the sake of conscience is injustice ; therefore no persecution for conscience sake can be pleasing to God. Particular affirmative and particular negative syllogisms,
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