CHAPTER I leave the reader to form: examples of the rest. The moods of these three figures are comprised in four Latin verses. Barbara, Celarent, Darli, Ferio, quoque prima. Cesare, Camestres, Festino, Baroco, secundie. Tertia Derapti, sibi vindicat, atque Felapton, Adjungens Disamis, Datisi, Bocardo, Ferison. The special rules of the three figures are these. In the first figure the major proposition must always be uni- versal, and the minor affirmative. In the second figure also the major must be universal, and one of the premises, together with the conclusion, must be negative. In the third figure the minor must be afiìrinative, and the conclusion always particular. There is also a fourth figure, wherein the middle term is predicated in the major proposition, and subjected in the minor: but this'is a very indirect and oblique manner of concluding, and is never used in the sciences, nor in human life, and therefore I call it useless. Some logicians will . allow it to be nothing else but a mere inversion of the first figure ; the moods of it, namely, Baralipton, or Babari, Calentes, Dibatis, Fespamo, Fresisom, are not worthy to be explained by one example. SECT. IV. -Of Complex Syllogisms. IT is not the mere use of complex terms in a syllogism that . gives it this name, though one of the terms is usually complex ; but those are properly called complex syllogisms, in which the middle term is not connected with the whole subject, or the whole predicate in two distinct propositions, but is intermingled and compared with them by parts, or in a more confused manner, in different forms of speech ; as,, The sun is a senseless being; The Persians worshipped the sun; Therefore the Persians worshipped a sen Hess being. Isere the predicate of the conclusion is worshipped a sense- less being, part of which is joined with the middle term sun in the major proposition, and the other part in the minor. Though this sort of argument is confessed to be entangled or confused, and irregular, if examined by the rules of simple syllogisms: yet there is a great variety of arguments used in books of learn- ing, and in common life, whose consequence is strong and evi- deut, and which must be ranked under this head ; as, I. Exclusive propositions will form a complex argument; as, pious men are the only favourites of heaven ; true christians are favourites of heaven ; therefore true christians are pious men. Or thus, hypocrites are not pious men ; therefore hypocrites are not favourites of heaven. IL Exceptive propositions will make such complex syllo- gistus; as, none but physicians came to the consultation; the at h 2
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