SECTION IX. 245 those parts which contain the greatest part of Africa and of South America. The two frigid or cold tones are those spaces which are included within the two polar circles, with the pole in the centre, at great distance from the sun, scarcely habitable by reason of the cold. There lies Greenland and Lapland toward the north pole. The south pole and polar regions are undiscovered The two temperate zones are those spaces that lie on either side of the globe between the tropics and the polar cir- cles, where the sun gives a moderate heat, and makes those parts most convenient for the habitation of men. All Europe, and the greatest part of Asia, and North America, lie in the north temperate zone. Note, That the torrid zone lying be- tween the two tropics,every place in it has the sun in the zenith, or exactly over their heads once or twice in every year. Those who live under the tropic of cancer have their winter when the sun is in capricorn. Those who live tinder the tropic of capricorn have their winter when the sun is in cancer. Those who live under the equator have (as I said before) two winters in the year; though indeed there is scarce any season cati be called winter within the limits of the torrid zone. Those who live just within the borders of the two frigid zones, lose the sun for twenty-four hours together at midwinter When the sun is in the contrary tropic: And those places that are nearer and nearer to the poles lose the sun for two, three, four, five, six days, for whole weeks or months together at their win- ter, or when the sun is near the contrary tropic. What is said concerning the loss of light a whole day or week or month' at winter in either of the frozen zones, must be also said concerning the gaining a whole dayor week or month ofday -light attheir sum - mer; and those parts of the year are all darkness in the northern frigid zone, whichare all day-light in the southern. Thus as you go farther northward or southward the con- tinuance of the sun above the horizon grows longer in their sum- mer; and the utter absence of it below the horizon grows longer in their winter ; till you come to those inhabitants (if any such there be) who live under the pole, for these have half the year night; and half the year day, as I said before concerning the parallel sphere. In the two temperate zones (as also in the torrid zone) there are never quite 24 hours either of day or of night together ; but When the sun is in the equator, all days and nights are equal: Afterwards their days gradually increase till their longest day in summer, and gradually decrease till their shortest day in winter : Though those wbo live on theborders of the polar circles or the frigid zones have their 22nd of June or longest day in summer 'near 24 hours ; and their 22d of December' or shortest day in a3
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