SECTION A. 2.I9 there are rocks, sands, or shelves, currents of water or wind, described. Rocks are sometimes made like little pointed things sticking up sharp in the sea. Sands or shelves are denoted by a great heap of little points placed in the shape of those sands, as they have been found to lie in the ocean by sounding or fathoming the depths. Currents of water are described by several long crook- ed parallel strokes imitating a current. The course of winds is represented by the heads of arrows pointing to that coast toward which the wind blows. The land is divided or distinguished from the sea by a thick shadow made of short small strokes to represent the shores or coasts, whether of islands or continents, &c. and it is usually filled with names of kingdoms, provinces, cities, towns, moiuí- tains, forests, rivers, &c. which are described in this manner, (viz.) Kingdoms or provinces are divided from one another by a row of single points, and they are often painted or stained with distinct colours. Cities or great towns are made like little houses with a small circle in the middle of them. Lesser towns or vil- lages are marked only by such a small circle. Mountains are imitated in the form of little rising hillocks. Forests are repre- sented by a collection of little trees. Small rivers are described by a single, crooked, waving line ; and larger rivers by such á waving or curling double line made strong and black. The mouths of large rivers, where they empty themselves into the sea, are represented sometimes as currents of water, by several pa- rallel crooked lines. I should add this also, That in terrestrial globes you find the mariner's compass figured in several parts, and the lines of it are drawn out to a great length toward all parts of the world on purpose to shew how any part of the earth or sea stands situ- ated with regard to any other part; and this is called its bearing, by which you may know what places hear east, west, north or south from the place where you are, or at what other intermediate points of the compass they lie. The north is generallydescribed by aflour de luce, and the east frequently by across. Globes are generally so formed as to have the north pole just standing before the face : Then the east is at the right-hand and the west at the left : And thus usually the names and words are written to be read from the west to the east. This is also observed in large maps, snd it shouldbe the same in small ones ; for when a map of a country is drawn in any other form, so that the north does not lie just before us, and the east to our right- hand, it gives great confusion to the learner, and sometimes con- founds the eye and imagination even of persans skilled in geo- graphy.
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