SECTION XIII, 255 land, Livonia, &c. and the southern part on the west side next to Denmark iscalled Gothland. All the north-east part of Europe is Russia and Muscovy under the government of theCzar, whosecapital city is Moscow. His conquests have lately joined Livonia to his dominion% which before belonged to Sweden, and there he has built the city Petersburgh. Lapland is a cold savage country that lies on the north of Sweden, and belongs to three princes, viz. the Dane, the Swede, and the Muscovite. Note, That Norway, Lapland, and Sweden, wereonce all comprized under the general name of Scandinavia. II. The middle parts of Europe are France, Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Little Tartary. France lies just southward of England ; its northern coast is washed by the English channel; its western shores by the At- lantic sea; and its southern by theMediterranean : its chief city is Paris. Before I proceed to Germany, it it proper to mention a long row of distinct governments which lie on the east of France, and divide it from Germany and Italy. These are the seven United Provinces, the ten Spanish Provinces, the duke- dom of Lorrain, the countries of Switzerland, Savoy, and Piedmont. The seven United Provinces are called by the name of Holland, because that is the biggest of them. They are a most considerable Commonwealth, and their chief cities are Amster- dam, Rotterdam, Leyden, Utrecht, &c. Southward of this lie the ten Spanish Provinces, or the low countries or Netherlands, which are called by the name of Flanders, because that is the largest of them : They have belonged to the kingdom of Spain for some ages ; but they are now under the Emperor of Germany ; their chief cities are Brussels, Antwerp, Louvain, Mons, Namur, Ghent, &c. Lorrain lies to the south of Flanders, and is governed by a Duke : Its chief town is Nancy. Switzerland is thenext : It is a free republic divided into thir- teen parts commonly called the Swiss Cantons, viz. Zurich, Bern, Basil, Lucern, &c. Their allies are the Grisons, the Valtoline, &c. The Commonwealth of Geneva might also be 'mentioned here, which is a very small but free sovereignty, and maintains its rights, because none of its neighbours will let the others seize and possess it. The dukedom of Savoy and Piedmont borders upon the south of Switzerland. and reaches to the Mediterranean sea : its chief city is Turin; its duke is lately made king of Sardinia.
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