INTRODIICTION. 7 peace and alliance be made among Christians for at least ten years; and to that bind kings in the fetters ofthe great King, and constrain nobles by the iron manaclesof censures : for to thee is given all power inheaven and in earth."' This is the doctrine which Baronius, with a Roman confidence, so often asserts and drives forward, saying that " there can be no doubt of it but that thecivil principality is subject to the sacerdotal ;" and that " God has made the political government subject to the do- minion of the spiritual church." 3* § III. From that doctrine the opinion in effect does not differ, which Bellarmine vouches for the common opinionof Catholics, that " by reason of the spiritual power, the pope, at least indirectly, has a supreme power even in temporal matters."' This opinion, so common, does not, I say, in effect and practical consideration, anywise differ from the former, but only in words de- vised to shun envy, and veil the impudence of the other assertion: for the qualifications, " By reason of the spiritual power," and, " At least indirectly," are but notional, insignificant, and illusive, in regard to practice, it importing not, if he has in his keeping a sovereign power, upon what account or in what formality he employs it: seeing that every matter is easily referrible to a spiritual account; seeing he is sole judge upon what account he acts; seeing expe- rience shows that he will spiritualize all his interests, and upon any occasion exercise that pretended authority; rand] seeing it little Arripe ergo gladium divina potestatis tibi creditum, bis acutum; et jube, impera, manda, ut pax universalis et colligatioper decennium inter Christianos ad minus fiat ; et reges ad id in compedibusmagni Regis liga, et nobiles inmanicis ferreis censurarum constringe : quoniam tibi data est omnis potestas in ccelo et in terra.Episc. Patrac., Bess. x. p. 133. 2 Politicum principatum sacerdotali esse subjectum nulla potest esse dubitatio. Ann. 57, § 23. 3 Politicum imperium subjecit spiritualis ecclesia dominio. Ibid, § 53. * Charles Butler, Esq., in his "Book of theRoman Catholic Church," adduces the following outlines ofthe doctrines of that class of divines called Transalpine, or Ultra- montane, who dwell in or near Rome, and who are distinguished from the Cisalpine, who reside on the French side of the Alps. The Transalpine are those who are under the immediate direction of the pope, and compose his court, whoare considered sounder in the faith concerning the supremacy than the French, or those who live at a distance from Rome. He says, " Transalpine divinesattribute to the pope a divine right to the exercise, indirect at least, of the temporal power for effecting a spiritual good; and, in consequence of it, maintained that the supreme power of every state was so far subject to the pope, that when he deemed that the bad conduct of the sovereign rendered it essential to the good of the church that he should reign no longer, the pope was then authorized, by his divine commission, to deprive him of his sovereignty,and absolve his subjects from their obligation of allegiance; and that, even on ordinary occasions, he might enforce obedience to his spiritual legislation and jurisdiction by civil penalties." Book of theRoman Catholic Church, pp. 121, 122. 8vo. London: 1826.ED. 4 Tertia sententia media et catholicorum communis, pontificem ut pontificem non habere directe et immediate ullam temporalempotestatem,sed solum spiritualem, tamen ratione spiritualis habere saltem indirecte potestatem quondam, eamque summam, in temporalibus.BelL, vol. i.
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