INTRODUCTION. 17 not meddle with the other; so disclaiming temporal power due to himself, being content to screw up his spiritual authority. After him, as is well known, Pope Gregory I, (as became a pious and good man) avowed the emperor for " his lord, by God's gift, superior to all men, to whom he was subject, whom he in duty was, bound to obey; "' and supposed it a high presumption for any one to " set himself above the honour of the empire, ' by assuming the title of universal bishop. After him, Pope Agatho (anno 680), in the acts of the sixth gene- ral council, calls the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus " his lord;" avows " himself, together with all presidents of the churches, ser- vants to the emperor; "3 says that his see and his synod were subject to him, and owed obedience to him. Presently after him, Pope Leo. II., who confirmed that general synod, calls the emperor "The prototype son of the church;"4 and acknowledges the body of the priests to be " servants (meanest ser- vants) of his royal nobleness."' After him, Pope Constantine (anno 709), the immediate predeces- sor of Pope Gregory II., when the emperor commanded him to come to Constantinople, "the most holy man," says Anastasius in his Life, " obeyed the imperial commands."' Yea, Pope Gregory II. himself, before his defection (when perhaps the circumstances of time did not animate him thereto), in his epistle to Leo Isaurus, acknowledged him, as emperor, to be "the head of Christians,"' and himself consequently subject to him, This Gregory, therefore, may be reputed the father ofthat doctrine; which, being fostered by his successors, was by Pope Gregory VII. brought up to its robust pitch and stature. I know, Pope Gregory VII., to countenance, him,. alleges Pope Innocent I. excommunicating, the Emperor, Arcadius for his proceed- ings against St Chrysostom; and the writers of St Chrysostom's Life, with others of the like age and credit, back him therein : 8 1 Ad hoc potestas dominorum meorum pietati coelitus data est super omnes ho. mines. Ego indignus famulus vester Ego quidem jussioni subjectus. P. Greg. I., Ep. ii. 26. 2 Qui honori quoque imperii vestri se per privatum vocabulum superponit. Ep. iv. 32. 3 Aso-vrómal xai mixva. Act. Syn. vi., p. 53. `H/.csis Boyar vo2 ßaoù í c; p. 304. `Hfcc- rípe Bauxsía, p. 32. Tav ixxxeormv vrpóshpor of Bou "xa maú xpramravrxmmámnu ú1.4m "v xpámorç, p. 94. 00.1xós úam "v xal h1.4mc apóvoç, p. 64. "En,,,, úvlaxa'gç n'c Zfsixo1.46Y, p. 33, 34. IIpamómuvrav ixxxneías méxvov. Act. Syn. vi., p. 303. 6 `H ßaarxrxñ siyivsia moil 'iaxcímo,e iaumñs Bo,xorç auyxamißarv.. Ibia', p. 304. 3 Misit imp. ad Constantinum P. sacram, per quam jussit eum ad regiam ascendere urbem; qui sanctiss. vir jussis imperialibus obtemperans:Anast. in Vit. P. Const. 7 'doç ßaarxsús xai xspaxñ m;+v Xpramranm "v. P.. Greg. II. ad. Leon. Is., Ep. i. p. 502. 8 Greg. VII., Ep. viii. 2. Baron., anno 407, § 23. Georg. Alex. Vit. Chrys.,cap. lxviii. Anon. Vit. Chrys., cap. xxxix. VOL. L 2
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